Translational Pediatrics
type: channel
description: Aims and Scope Translational Pediatrics (Transl Pediatr, tp.amegroups.com; tp.amegroups.org, Print ISSN 2224-4336, Online ISSN 2224-4344) is an open access, peer-reviewed, monthly journal (quarterly published from Jul. 2012 to Oct. 2019, bimonthly published from Dec. 2019 to Dec. 2020). TP publishes articles in all aspects of health care in newborns, children and adolescents. Contributions pertinent to pediatrics are also included from related fields such as nutrition, surgery, respiration, dentistry, urology, public health, child health services, human genetics, basic sciences, psychology, psychiatry, education, sociology, and nursing. Currently, TP has been indexed by PubMed/PubMed Central, Scopus and Web of Science [Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE)]. The SCIE impact factor 2024 for TP is 1.7. TP is the official journal of the Society of Translational Medicine (STM). TP is published by AME Publishing Company, with support from Wolters Kluwer (the journal content will be made available on Wolters Kluwer Health’s Lippincott and Ovid platforms). Indexing Translational Pediatrics is indexed and covered by Web of Science [Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE)] Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central (PMC) Scopus Ovid Information for Authors TP is a member of Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and it follows the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)'s guidelines and the ICMJE recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journal. Manuscripts submitted must be the original work of the author(s) and must not be published previously or under consideration for publication elsewhere. Manuscripts Turnaround Time In-house review: 1-3 weeks. External peer review: 1-3 months. Publication Ahead of Print: within 1 month after being accepted (with APC payment received). Formal publication: within 1-3 months after being accepted (with APC payment received). Original Articles are listed as priority. Publication Schedule Pub…
publisher: AME Publishing Company
language: en-US
publication name: Translational Pediatrics
issn: 2224-4336
items: Can intraoperative electroencephalogram finally prevent emergence delirium in children?
items: When children speak, listening heals: advancing symptom screening in pediatric oncology
items: When ideal positioning is impossible: can we limit pediatric gastric ultrasound to the supine semi-recumbent position?
items: Toward reliable neuromuscular blockade reversal using sugammadex in infants: insights from a phase IV trial
items: The impact of small for gestational age on visual-motor integration in preterm infants: insights from early brain magnetic resonance imaging
items: A simplified prediction model for in-hospital mortality in children with congenital heart disease after surgery
items: Comparison of DLIR-H and ASIR algorithms for image reconstruction in low-dose chest CT of pediatric mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia: a cross-sectional study
items: Incremental value of body composition indices in discriminating poorly controlled asthma in children: a cross-sectional study
items: An interpretable machine learning model for predicting NICU admission in preterm infants: a single-center retrospective cohort study
items: Clinical and prognostic significance of initial fever in children with Langerhans cell histiocytosis
items: Epidemic features and clinical analysis of pediatric Mycoplasma pneumoniae respiratory infection before, during, and after COVID-19 pandemic: a 7-year study in southern China
items: Results of stage I palliation of single ventricle with hypoplastic left heart complex managed with a beating heart strategy
items: Machine learning-based prediction of severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in pediatric patients
items: Association between nadir albumin concentration and mortality in pediatric patients undergoing postcardiotomy extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
items: Association between normalized Mycoplasma pneumoniae sequence reads and severity of pediatric pneumonia: a cross-sectional study
items: From past patterns to future preparedness: a secondary analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 on neonatal communicable disease burden in China and the Asia-Pacific region, 1990–2035
items: Characterization of the plasma metabolomic profile in infantile epileptic spasms syndrome
items: Retinopathy of prematurity and cognitive development in enteral docosahexaenoic acid-supplemented preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis
items: TGF-β1 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition and fibrosis of ureteral epithelial cells via targeting RACK1 in ureteropelvic junction obstruction
items: Clinical characteristics and nutritional profiles of children with different irritable bowel syndrome subtypes: a retrospective hospital-based study
items: The global, regional, and national burden of disease attributable to non-optimal temperatures in children
items: Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals extensive fibrotic remodeling and pathogenic chondrocyte subpopulations in developmental dysplasia of the hip
items: Chronic pain from retained Hem-o-lok® clips after pediatric appendectomy: the imperative for surgical removal
items: Surfactant retreatment in very preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome: an observational cohort study
items: Doctor-child communication and caregivers’ willingness to recommend hospital: a secondary analysis using pediatric patient experience data
items: Identification of potential biomarkers of tryptophan metabolism in Kawasaki disease and exploration of potential mechanisms
items: Comparative evaluation of seven large language models in providing home phototherapy care guidance for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia
items: https://tp.amegroups.org/article/view/151536
items: Ibuprofen for hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus in extremely preterm infants: a target trial emulation
items: Expression and significance of miR-9-5p and GCH1 in neonates with bronchopulmonary dysplasia
items: Early mortality of surgical treatments of necrotizing enterocolitis: experience of a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Southwest China: a retrospective cohort study
items: Trends and insights in non-syndromic craniosynostosis research globally: a bibliometric analysis of the Web of Science database (2005–2024)
items: Global research landscape in pharmacotherapy for autism spectrum disorder core symptoms: a bibliometric study
items: Risk factors for complications after laparoscopic surgery in children with congenital choledochal cysts
items: Two distinct growth patterns of preterm infants from birth to 18 months of corrected gestational age: a retrospective cohort study
items: Clinical features and surgical challenges of advanced retroperitoneal rhabdomyosarcoma in children: a single-center 17-year experience
items: Under-5 mortality of infectious diseases in 204 countries between 1990 and 2021
items: Association of lung ultrasound findings with disease severity in Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia among the pediatric population
items: A retrospective cohort study on clinical features of foreign bodies in the gastrointestinal tract of children—emergency data from a pediatric regional medical center in eastern China
items: Low birth weight, DNA methylation patterns in cord blood, and inflammation at birth
items: Parental feeding attitudes and their associations with children’s eating behaviors and nutritional intake in a clinical sample with feeding difficulties: a cross-sectional study
items: Sodium bicarbonate therapy for metabolic acidosis in children stratified by acute kidney injury status and chloride levels: a retrospective cohort study
items: Epidemiological burden of pertussis in children in Asia: a review of 1990–2021 data and future projections
items: Relationship between gut microbiota establishment patterns and the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants: a retrospective cohort study
items: A preliminary study on NLRP3 activation and the interventional effects of MCC950 in Con A-induced EAH mice
items: Concurrent chemoradiotherapy with temozolomide in newly pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma: clinical outcomes and safety analysis
items: Elucidating shared genes and pathways in programmed cell death with necrotizing enterocolitis: insights into novel therapeutic targets and glutathione
items: Clinical characteristics, prognosis, and risk factors for tolerance development in food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis: a retrospective cohort study
items: Global, regional and national burden of epilepsy secondary to four major neonatal disorders: insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
items: Unlocking the puzzle of primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis: a comprehensive study on the management of Thai children through alarm therapy and medication
items: Global, regional, and national burden and trends of congenital birth defects from 1990 to 2021: epidemiological trends, health inequalities, and COVID-19 impact
items: Weekly pegylated recombinant human growth hormone for prepubertal children with growth hormone deficiency: adherence advantage drives superior short-term efficacy over daily rhGH
items: Artificial intelligence in pediatrics: a bibliometric analysis of global output, networks, and frontiers [2016–2025]
items: Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors influencing respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in children with atopy: a retrospective cohort study
items: CT-based radiomics nomogram for distinguishing Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia from other pneumonias in children with community-acquired pneumonia
items: Structural and temporal dynamics of pediatric influenza prevention and treatment: a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of historical evolution and emerging trends
items: Risk factors for catheter-related bloodstream infection in children undergoing blood purification therapy: a retrospective cohort study
items: Transcriptome profile analysis of genes by RNA-sequencing in neonatal maternal separation rats with autistic-like behaviors
items: https://tp.amegroups.org/article/view/153037
items: Synergistic regulation of gut microbiota and metabolites by breast milk and probiotics in the prevention of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: mechanisms and prospects
items: Asthma: onset at young, persist when grow up
items: Recent advances in neonatal Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome: from molecular diagnosis to multidisciplinary management—a narrative review
items: Nursing management of deep vein thrombosis in children: a narrative review of challenges, evidence-based strategies, and systematic pathways
items: Clinical characteristics and mutation analysis of Chinese children with 17α-hydroxylase deficiency: a report on three cases
items: Delayed rupture of the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery associated with pancreatic leakage after resection of a giant retroperitoneal ganglioneuroblastoma in a child: a case report
items: A case report of X-linked agammaglobulinemia complicated with necrotic pneumonia
items: Living donor liver transplantation in a pediatric patient with mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome caused by two novel POLG1 mutations: a case report and literature review
items: Comparators, consent, equipoise and estimands: ethical trade-offs in neonatal pain trials
items: An obituary notice for our editorial board member: Dr. Xinying Li, MD
items: Erratum to: PPP1R12A mutation leads to different genders of twinning: a case report and literature review

Can intraoperative electroencephalogram finally prevent emergence delirium in children?
type: item
creator: Sebastien S. Hebert
creator: Argerie Tsimicalis
creator: Gianluca Bertolizio
date: 2026-04-30
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-04-30

When children speak, listening heals: advancing symptom screening in pediatric oncology
type: item
creator: LaKedia C. Banks
creator: Manali I. Patel
date: 2026-04-30
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-04-30

When ideal positioning is impossible: can we limit pediatric gastric ultrasound to the supine semi-recumbent position?
type: item
creator: Mia Gisselbaek
creator: Evan Roter
creator: Lucas Guimarães Ferreira Fonseca
creator: Gianluca Bertolizio
date: 2026-04-30
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-04-30

Toward reliable neuromuscular blockade reversal using sugammadex in infants: insights from a phase IV trial
type: item
creator: Ji-Yoon Jung
creator: Tae-Yun Sung
date: 2026-04-30
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-04-30

The impact of small for gestational age on visual-motor integration in preterm infants: insights from early brain magnetic resonance imaging
type: item
description: Small for gestational age (SGA) preterm infants are at a higher risk of neurodevelopmental impairments compared with those who are only preterm. We aimed to explore the relationship between visual-motor integration (VMI) and SGA, along with imaging features available for prediction.
creator: Ying Lv
creator: Mingyan Li
creator: Weijun Chen
creator: Fusheng Gao
creator: Jiyang Shen
creator: Minjie Gao
creator: Jie Shao
creator: Hongxi Zhang
creator: Chai Ji
date: 2026-04-30
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-04-30

A simplified prediction model for in-hospital mortality in children with congenital heart disease after surgery
type: item
description: Early identification of high-risk patients is critical for improving outcomes after congenital heart disease (CHD) surgery in children. This study aimed to establish a prediction model for in-hospital mortality after surgery in children with CHD based on early postoperative indicators obtained upon Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) admission.
creator: Yi Hong
creator: Chenyang You
creator: Yanjun Che
creator: Meihua Lu
creator: Huaqing Liu
date: 2026-04-30
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-04-30

Comparison of DLIR-H and ASIR algorithms for image reconstruction in low-dose chest CT of pediatric mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia: a cross-sectional study
type: item
description: Pediatric Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) accounts for a significant number of cases of community-acquired pneumonia, and chest computed tomography (CT) is critical for its early diagnosis and prognosis assessment. However, clinical utilization is restricted due to concerns regarding radiation exposure. Adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR) has been extensively employed in low-dose pediatric CT but suffers from noise texture distortion. In contrast, deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) has shown promise for enhancing image quality in adult CT. Nevertheless, the comparative effectiveness of DLIR and ASIR in low-dose chest CT for pediatric MPP remains unvalidated, presenting a significant knowledge gap that this study endeavours to bridge.
creator: Ying Zou
creator: Hai Bi
creator: Shouhong Yang
creator: Ruishi Li
creator: Junyan Tan
creator: Qingwei Guo
creator: Xiudi Lu
creator: Jihua Liu
date: 2026-04-30
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-04-30

Incremental value of body composition indices in discriminating poorly controlled asthma in children: a cross-sectional study
type: item
description: Asthma is the most common chronic respiratory disease in children, yet a considerable proportion of children have poorly controlled asthma despite advances in treatment. Traditional assessment models based on clinical indicators and lung function parameters show limited discriminatory ability. This study evaluated whether bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)-derived body composition indices—extracellular water-to-total body water ratio (ECW/TBW), phase angle (PhA), and visceral fat area (VFA)—improve the discrimination of poorly controlled asthma in children beyond traditional clinical assessments.
creator: Zhiyuan Wang
creator: Junlin Zhao
creator: Yanan Wang
creator: Qianqian Dai
creator: Xueli Wang
creator: Jianjiang Cui
creator: Liang Ru
date: 2026-04-30
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-04-30

An interpretable machine learning model for predicting NICU admission in preterm infants: a single-center retrospective cohort study
type: item
description: Admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is a critical event for preterm infants, with significant implications for resource allocation and parental counseling. However, existing prediction tools are often limited by low accuracy or lack of interpretability. This study aimed to develop an interpretable machine learning (ML) model for predicting NICU admission in preterm infants using readily available prenatal and intrapartum features, with a focus on both the overall cohort and the clinically challenging subgroup of late preterm infants (34–37 weeks).
creator: Zhanying Ma
creator: Jianzhi Zhang
creator: Hong Ma
creator: Yonghong Sun
creator: Yue Yang
creator: Yaqiong Yu
date: 2026-04-30
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-04-30

Clinical and prognostic significance of initial fever in children with Langerhans cell histiocytosis
type: item
description: A portion of children with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) exhibit recurrent or persistent disease-related fever at their first visit. We aimed to clarify the clinical characteristics, laboratory indicators, prognostic differences, and optimal regimens for these children with fever.
creator: Na Li
creator: Ying Yang
creator: Zhihua Gong
creator: Hongyun Lian
creator: Honghao Ma
creator: Yali Liu
creator: Xiaolu Nie
creator: Dong Wang
creator: Li Zhang
creator: Ang Wei
creator: Lei Cui
creator: Liping Zhang
creator: Wenxin Ou
creator: Yizhuo Wang
creator: Wanshui Wu
creator: Tianyou Wang
creator: Zhigang Li
creator: Rui Zhang
date: 2026-04-30
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-04-30

Epidemic features and clinical analysis of pediatric Mycoplasma pneumoniae respiratory infection before, during, and after COVID-19 pandemic: a 7-year study in southern China
type: item
description: In the period spanning 2023 to 2024, there was a global resurgence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) infections following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This 7-year retrospective study investigated the epidemic features and clinical severity of pediatric M. pneumoniae respiratory infection in southern China across the pre-, during, and post-COVID-19 periods.
creator: Aiping Chen
creator: Qiaoqiao He
creator: Zhigang Xiao
creator: Yiqiu Wu
creator: Huan Zhong
creator: Gen Lu
creator: Huifeng Fan
date: 2026-04-30
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-04-30

Results of stage I palliation of single ventricle with hypoplastic left heart complex managed with a beating heart strategy
type: item
description: Neonates born with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) or complex (HLHC), who undergo stage I palliation with Norwood operation or Damus-Kaye-Stansel (DKS), still carry substantial mortality and morbidity even in the modern era of cardiac surgery. Mortality varies from 10% up to 40% in some Institutions, remaining still one of the highest in pediatric cardiac surgery. In order to reduce mortality and morbidity, we have developed a strategy of selective cerebro-myocardial perfusion (sCMP), allowing to perform the entire operation on the beating heart. The aim of the presents report is to describe our results with such an innovative approach.
creator: Stiljan Hoxha
creator: Fabiola Perrone
creator: Paolo Ferrero
creator: Marco Parolo
creator: Alessandra Cristofaletti
creator: Matteo Ciuffreda
creator: Giovanni Battista Luciani
date: 2026-04-30
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-04-30

Machine learning-based prediction of severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in pediatric patients
type: item
description: Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) is a leading cause of pediatric community-acquired pneumonia, with severe cases (SMPP) posing significant risks of complications and prolonged hospitalization. Early identification of SMPP remains challenging due to nonspecific clinical presentations, underscoring the need for robust predictive tools. While artificial intelligence (AI) has shown promise in medical diagnostics, its application to non-imaging clinical data, such as MPP risk stratification, is underexplored. This study leverages machine learning (ML) to bridge this gap, aiming to transform retrospective clinical data into actionable predictive insights for SMPP. By integrating multidimensional clinical variables, we address the critical unmet need for early, accurate risk assessment in pediatric MPP management.
creator: Jiaojiao Hu
creator: Hong Chen
creator: Yuhang Chen
creator: Jun Li
creator: Xia Li
creator: Jingning Guo
creator: Yujun Wang
creator: Yanping Shi
date: 2026-04-30
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-04-30

Association between nadir albumin concentration and mortality in pediatric patients undergoing postcardiotomy extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
type: item
description: Albumin is a key protein essential for maintaining multiple physiological functions. During extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support, serum albumin concentration may decline as a result of hemodilution or capillary leakage. This reduction may be more pronounced in pediatric patients, whose hepatic synthetic function is not fully mature. However, evidence regarding the association between serum albumin concentration and clinical outcomes in pediatric postcardiotomy ECMO patients remains limited. This study aims to explore this association in pediatric patients.
creator: Qindong Liu
creator: Yu Jin
creator: Tianyu Gao
creator: He Wang
creator: Jia Liu
creator: Yue Liu
creator: Bingyang Ji
creator: Jinping Liu
date: 2026-04-30
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-04-30

Association between normalized Mycoplasma pneumoniae sequence reads and severity of pediatric pneumonia: a cross-sectional study
type: item
description: Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is a leading cause of pediatric community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), with an increasing proportion of severe cases in the post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) era. High-throughput targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) enables semi-quantitative detection of MP; however, the clinical significance of normalized MP sequence reads derived from oropharyngeal swabs remains unclear.
creator: Xiaoting Pan
creator: Jingjing Li
creator: Haibo Li
creator: Jing Wu
creator: Tongxin Chen
creator: Lumin Chen
creator: Huimin Zhang
creator: Yanling Chen
date: 2026-04-30
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-04-30

From past patterns to future preparedness: a secondary analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 on neonatal communicable disease burden in China and the Asia-Pacific region, 1990–2035
type: item
description: Communicable diseases (CDs) is the leading cause of death among neonates worldwide, and achieving the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3.2 target (ending preventable neonatal deaths) relies on evidence-based analysis of CDs burden trends and risk factors. This study aims to analyze the temporal trends of CDs burden among neonates in China and the Asia-Pacific region from 1990 to 2021 [based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database], and project future to 2035, to provide targeted evidence for neonatal health interventions.
creator: Chuchu Guo
creator: Liang Zhang
creator: Rui Cheng
creator: Xu Wang
creator: Yanqun Sun
date: 2026-04-30
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-04-30

Characterization of the plasma metabolomic profile in infantile epileptic spasms syndrome
type: item
description: Infantile epileptic spasms syndrome (IESS) represents the most common etiology of epileptic encephalopathy with onset in infancy. It remains unknown whether specific metabolic mechanisms contribute to the pathogenesis of IESS. XXXXXXXXXXX.
creator: Lihua Jiang
creator: Mengying Zhu
creator: Yi Zhang
creator: Zhefeng Yuan
creator: Feng Gao
date: 2026-04-30
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-04-30

Retinopathy of prematurity and cognitive development in enteral docosahexaenoic acid-supplemented preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis
type: item
description: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) plays a pivotal role in brain and retinal maturation. Preterm infants are born DHA-deficient. In this study, we aimed to systematically evaluate the effects of enteral DHA supplementation on retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and cognitive development in preterm infants.
creator: Ya-Ting Zhang
creator: Cheng-Yu Li
creator: Xiao-Mei Xie
creator: Jun-Yan Wang
creator: Ying Gao
creator: Hui-Shun Ma
creator: Fan Wang
date: 2026-04-30
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-04-30

TGF-β1 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition and fibrosis of ureteral epithelial cells via targeting RACK1 in ureteropelvic junction obstruction
type: item
description: Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) is a frequent cause of congenital hydronephrosis. It involves both structural and functional changes at the ureteropelvic junction (UPJ), where the ureter connects with the renal pelvis. The mechanisms behind tissue remodeling and fibrosis in this condition are not fully understood. This study explores the role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and examines how receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) may regulate this process in UPJO.
creator: Wenyou Chen
creator: Fengguang Ye
creator: Xiaoqiang Lin
creator: Jinrong Chen
creator: Fengbin Yang
creator: Yanhui Wang
creator: Songbin Lin
creator: Weicheng Huang
creator: Ziwei Jian
creator: Chaoming Zhou
date: 2026-04-30
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-04-30

Clinical characteristics and nutritional profiles of children with different irritable bowel syndrome subtypes: a retrospective hospital-based study
type: item
description: XXXXXXXXXXXX. This study aimed to characterize the clinical features of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) subtypes and assess variations in nutritional status across subtypes and sexes in hospitalized children.
creator: Ziyu Liu
creator: Qiancheng Xu
creator: Xinyun Wu
creator: Zhiwang Jin
creator: Xiaoli Shu
creator: Ting Zhang
creator: Mizu Jiang
date: 2026-04-30
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-04-30

The global, regional, and national burden of disease attributable to non-optimal temperatures in children
type: item
creator: Xinjia Gu
creator: Minfei Hu
creator: Taixiang Liu
creator: Kadir Uludag
creator: Wei Zhou
date: 2026-04-24
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-04-24

Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals extensive fibrotic remodeling and pathogenic chondrocyte subpopulations in developmental dysplasia of the hip
type: item
description: Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a common pediatric orthopedic disorder that predisposes affected children to early-onset osteoarthritis (OA), yet the cellular heterogeneity and fibrotic remodeling of acetabular cartilage are poorly understood. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on acetabular cartilage obtained from three children with DDH and two age-matched controls, thereby generating a transcriptomic atlas of 10,550 chondrocytes. Nine chondrocyte subpopulations were identified, including four previously unrecognized subsets (C1–C4). Compared with controls, DDH cartilage exhibited a marked shift toward fibrocartilage-like phenotypes, characterized by upregulation of fibrotic and matrix-remodeling genes, such as COL1A1, COL1A2, COL3A1, POSTN, MMP13, and MMP14, together with downregulation of key cartilage matrix genes, including COL2A1, ACAN, CHAD, and CNMD. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses revealed enrichment of extracellular matrix (ECM) organization, focal adhesion, apoptosis-related pathways, and metabolic alterations across DDH-associated subsets. Pseudotime analysis demonstrated a trajectory from homeostatic C2 and hypertrophic chondrocytes (HTC) populations toward fibrotic chondrocytes (FC1/FC2) and proliferative dividing chondrocytes (DivC) states, suggesting a progressive degenerative program. CellChat analysis further identified enhanced collagen and TGF-β-mediated signaling among fibrotic subsets. These transcriptional findings were validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and histological staining, confirming increased collagen deposition, ECM disorganization, and reduced chondrocyte density in DDH cartilage. Collectively, this study delineates the single-cell landscape of acetabular chondrocytes in DDH and identifies fibrosis-associated pathogenic subpopulations that may contribute to early degenerative changes. These findings …
creator: Yaxier Nijiati
creator: Jun Song
creator: Peng Huang
creator: Zichen Lin
creator: Yingzhi Pei
creator: Bo Ning
date: 2026-04-30
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-04-30

Chronic pain from retained Hem-o-lok® clips after pediatric appendectomy: the imperative for surgical removal
type: item
description: While Hem-o-lok® clips are widely used and generally safe in children, retained clips have been rarely associated with refractory chronic abdominal pain. This study aimed to investigate the association between retained Hem-o-lok® clips and refractory chronic abdominal pain following pediatric laparoscopic appendectomy and compare therapeutic outcomes between device removal and conservative management.
creator: Chunhui Gu
creator: Lihong Ding
creator: Jian Sun
creator: Bing Li
creator: Youcheng Zhang
creator: Guoqing Jiang
date: 2026-04-30
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-04-30

Surfactant retreatment in very preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome: an observational cohort study
type: item
creator: Carlo Dani
creator: Marina Lo Nigro
creator: Chiara Poggi
creator: Iuri Corsini
creator: Simone Pratesi
date: 2026-03-30
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-03-30

Doctor-child communication and caregivers’ willingness to recommend hospital: a secondary analysis using pediatric patient experience data
type: item
creator: Hao Huang
creator: Weina Shang
creator: Ming Zhu
creator: Guangyu Hu
date: 2026-03-25
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-03-25

Identification of potential biomarkers of tryptophan metabolism in Kawasaki disease and exploration of potential mechanisms
type: item
creator: Yonghua Yuan
creator: Yuan Cao
creator: Xuehua He
creator: Liping Liu
creator: Xianhua Zhang
creator: Lili Zhong
date: 2026-03-25
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-03-25

Comparative evaluation of seven large language models in providing home phototherapy care guidance for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia
type: item
creator: Shan Huang
creator: Qianjing Huang
creator: Wenhui Hu
creator: Weiqin Liu
creator: Andi Kuang
creator: Ya Hu
creator: Wen Luo
creator: Hong Wei
date: 2026-03-30
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-03-30

https://tp.amegroups.org/article/view/151536
type: item
title: Early postnatal risk stratification for severe adverse outcomes in twin neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit: development and temporal validation of an interpretable machine learning model
creator: Dekai Xu
creator: Yun Li
creator: Siwen Li
creator: Jiani Wang
creator: Yujing Yang
creator: Shujing Wei
creator: Yong Ji
date: 2026-03-30
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-03-30

Ibuprofen for hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus in extremely preterm infants: a target trial emulation
type: item
creator: Ai-Min Qian
creator: Ai-Ling Su
creator: Lei Du
creator: Wei Wu
creator: Juan Liu
creator: Yong Zhao
creator: Yan Xu
creator: Meng-Ya Sun
creator: Shan-Yu Jiang
creator: Yan-Ping Zhu
creator: Xiao-Qing Chen
creator: Ling Li
creator: Hai-Yan Xu
creator: Li-Ling Wang
creator: Miao-Ran Bu
creator: Juan Du
creator: Rui Cheng
creator: Wen-Hao Zhou
date: 2026-03-30
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-03-30

Expression and significance of miR-9-5p and GCH1 in neonates with bronchopulmonary dysplasia
type: item
creator: Xiaoqun Zhang
creator: Xiaoying Ling
creator: Qian Kang
creator: Hui Wang
creator: Hui Qiu
creator: Haiying Li
date: 2026-03-25
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-03-25

Early mortality of surgical treatments of necrotizing enterocolitis: experience of a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Southwest China: a retrospective cohort study
type: item
creator: Qi Tan
creator: Ting Zhu
creator: Huan Wei
creator: Jian Cao
creator: Zhengli Wang
date: 2026-03-30
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-03-30

Trends and insights in non-syndromic craniosynostosis research globally: a bibliometric analysis of the Web of Science database (2005–2024)
type: item
creator: Sheng Chen
creator: Weihua Liu
creator: Ruoyu Yang
creator: Liangliang Kong
creator: Weimin Shen
date: 2026-03-30
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-03-30

Global research landscape in pharmacotherapy for autism spectrum disorder core symptoms: a bibliometric study
type: item
creator: Chen Cai
creator: Suying Bao
creator: Qimei Ran
creator: Ming Lu
creator: Chao Song
creator: Zhongquan Jiang
date: 2026-03-30
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-03-30

Risk factors for complications after laparoscopic surgery in children with congenital choledochal cysts
type: item
creator: Jie Li
creator: Bingyu Zhang
creator: Jinfeng Li
creator: Pingqian Bao
creator: Jinchao Zhao
date: 2026-03-30
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-03-30

Two distinct growth patterns of preterm infants from birth to 18 months of corrected gestational age: a retrospective cohort study
type: item
creator: Jiayu Wang
creator: Gaopan Shang
creator: Mei He
creator: Yongchun Huang
creator: Jialing Zhang
creator: Fang Wu
date: 2026-03-30
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-03-30

Clinical features and surgical challenges of advanced retroperitoneal rhabdomyosarcoma in children: a single-center 17-year experience
type: item
creator: Yu Lin
creator: Fenghao Xu
creator: Shen Yang
creator: Tong Yu
creator: Saishuo Chang
creator: Tengfei Li
creator: Jianguo Zhang
creator: Wei Yang
creator: Yan Su
creator: Hong Qin
creator: Haiyan Cheng
creator: Huanmin Wang
date: 2026-03-30
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-03-30

Under-5 mortality of infectious diseases in 204 countries between 1990 and 2021
type: item
creator: Jintong Tan
creator: Zhanghua Yin
creator: Chaochao Wen
creator: Yujie Xie
creator: Jianyuan Zhao
creator: Yan Chen
creator: Yongjun Zhang
date: 2026-03-30
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-03-30

Association of lung ultrasound findings with disease severity in Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia among the pediatric population
type: item
creator: Mei-Yuan Han
creator: Song-Di Gong
creator: Jia-Hui Lin
creator: Guo-Ping Meng
creator: Qi Zhao
creator: Jing Gao
creator: Yan-Ming Lu
creator: Jian-Jun Xiao
date: 2026-03-24
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-03-24

A retrospective cohort study on clinical features of foreign bodies in the gastrointestinal tract of children—emergency data from a pediatric regional medical center in eastern China
type: item
creator: Yufen Huang
creator: Ying Zheng
creator: Jiahuan Li
creator: Lijia Wang
date: 2026-03-27
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-03-27

Low birth weight, DNA methylation patterns in cord blood, and inflammation at birth
type: item
creator: Ningning Hou
creator: Ling Hai
creator: Yonghui Jiao
creator: Aixia Liu
creator: Xin Chen
creator: Hefeng Huang
date: 2026-03-30
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-03-30

Parental feeding attitudes and their associations with children’s eating behaviors and nutritional intake in a clinical sample with feeding difficulties: a cross-sectional study
type: item
creator: Xin Xu
creator: Lina Lv
creator: Shasha Wang
creator: Jie Shao
date: 2026-03-25
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-03-25

Sodium bicarbonate therapy for metabolic acidosis in children stratified by acute kidney injury status and chloride levels: a retrospective cohort study
type: item
creator: Xiangying Meng
creator: Conglian Qiu
creator: He Huang
creator: Yi Hong
creator: Rongzhou Xiao
creator: Meilin Han
creator: Zhenjiang Bai
creator: Yuanyuan Xu
creator: Huaqing Liu
creator: Shuiyan Wu
date: 2026-03-24
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-03-24

Epidemiological burden of pertussis in children in Asia: a review of 1990–2021 data and future projections
type: item
creator: Yan Guo
creator: Yonghan Luo
creator: Jie Zhang
date: 2026-03-30
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-03-30

Relationship between gut microbiota establishment patterns and the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants: a retrospective cohort study
type: item
creator: Xiazi Song
creator: Yanyan Ye
creator: Huanan Shen
date: 2026-03-24
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-03-24

A preliminary study on NLRP3 activation and the interventional effects of MCC950 in Con A-induced EAH mice
type: item
creator: Di Ma
creator: Xinglou Liu
creator: Guo Ai
creator: Lingling Liu
creator: Yuan Huang
creator: Yi Liao
creator: Yuanyuan Lu
creator: Zhan Zhang
creator: Hua Zhou
creator: Sainan Shu
creator: Feng Fang
date: 2026-03-30
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-03-30

Concurrent chemoradiotherapy with temozolomide in newly pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma: clinical outcomes and safety analysis
type: item
creator: Giorgio Attinà
creator: Palma Maurizi
creator: Alberto Romano
creator: Dario Talloa
creator: Tommaso Verdolotti
creator: Paolo Frassanito
creator: Gianpiero Tamburrini
creator: Silvia Chiesa
creator: Stefano Mastrangelo
creator: Antonio Ruggiero
date: 2026-03-27
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-03-27

Elucidating shared genes and pathways in programmed cell death with necrotizing enterocolitis: insights into novel therapeutic targets and glutathione
type: item
creator: Pengjian Zou
creator: Qiuming He
creator: Longlong Hou
creator: Lin Li
creator: Yaqi Huang
creator: Wenjie Luo
creator: Junjie Wang
creator: Bin Yan
creator: Zefeng Lin
creator: Wenfeng Tang
creator: Junjian Lv
creator: Zhe Wang
creator: Jiakang Yu
creator: Jiao Liu
creator: Huimin Xia
creator: Wei Zhong
date: 2026-03-30
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-03-30

Clinical characteristics, prognosis, and risk factors for tolerance development in food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis: a retrospective cohort study
type: item
creator: Yangjie Gao
creator: Xiaolin Ye
creator: Shengyue Ding
creator: Cheng Guo
creator: Xiaolu Nie
creator: Jie Wu
date: 2026-03-20
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-03-20

Global, regional and national burden of epilepsy secondary to four major neonatal disorders: insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
type: item
creator: Junjin Chen
creator: Ning Wang
creator: Taixiang Liu
creator: Zheng Chen
creator: Peifang Jiang
date: 2026-03-20
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-03-20

Unlocking the puzzle of primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis: a comprehensive study on the management of Thai children through alarm therapy and medication
type: item
creator: Adidsuda Fuengfoo
creator: Krongkran Chanaphaijaroensuk
creator: Wannakorn Burungkure
creator: Ratchanon Biajarus
creator: Ingkarat Wachapatthana
creator: Chaiyavut Supasirila
date: 2026-03-30
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-03-30

Global, regional, and national burden and trends of congenital birth defects from 1990 to 2021: epidemiological trends, health inequalities, and COVID-19 impact
type: item
description: Birth defects remain a leading cause of mortality and disability in younger populations aged <14 years, however, little comprehensive or recent evidence of the burden of birth defects and its subtypes is available globally. Additionally, the extent of regional health inequality and the effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on birth defects remain unclear. This study leverages 2021 Global Burden of Disease data to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the global epidemiological profile, health inequality, and the repercussions of the COVID-19 on birth defects, with the goal of guiding optimal medical resource allocation.
creator: Xiaohua Yang
creator: Wenjuan Sun
creator: Pengfei Sun
date: 2026-04-30
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-04-30

Weekly pegylated recombinant human growth hormone for prepubertal children with growth hormone deficiency: adherence advantage drives superior short-term efficacy over daily rhGH
type: item
description: Pediatric growth hormone deficiency (GHD) causes growth retardation due to insufficient pituitary growth hormone (GH) secretion. Conventional daily recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) has low adherence due to frequent injections, impairing efficacy; weekly pegylated recombinant human growth hormone (PEG-rhGH) may improve adherence, but the mediating role of adherence differences in efficacy remains unclear. This study aimed to XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX.
creator: Hong Guo
creator: Yingying Zhai
creator: Aili Yaheyajiang
creator: Zufeiya Mohemai
creator: Lina Liu
creator: Lingling Zheng
creator: Keyimu Tuniyazi
date: 2026-04-30
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-04-30

Artificial intelligence in pediatrics: a bibliometric analysis of global output, networks, and frontiers [2016–2025]
type: item
description: Although artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly used to prevent, diagnose, and treat pediatric diseases, a quantitative panorama of the global research landscape is lacking. This study aimed to map the evolution of AI-focused pediatric literature, identify leading actors and themes, and detect emerging directions over the past decade.
creator: Xiao Fang
creator: Xiu Huang
creator: Yao Li
date: 2026-04-30
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-04-30

Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors influencing respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in children with atopy: a retrospective cohort study
type: item
description: The clinical characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) pneumonia in children with atopy were studied, and the predictive indicators of RSV pneumonia and prognosis were determined. This study aimed to explore the clinical characteristics and prognosis of RSV pneumonia in children with atopy and to determine the predictive indicators of RSVP.
creator: Qing Tang
creator: Haibin Wu
creator: Wen Zhang
creator: Weichao Chen
creator: Zhen Wang
creator: Lu Li
date: 2026-04-30
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-04-30

CT-based radiomics nomogram for distinguishing Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia from other pneumonias in children with community-acquired pneumonia
type: item
description: Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) is a common cause of pediatric community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Its computed tomography (CT) manifestations often overlap with those of other pneumonias, making their differentiation challenging. This study aimed to develop and test a radiomics nomogram to distinguish MPP from other pneumonias in children with CAP.
creator: Shuaichao Yao
creator: Fan Lin
creator: Ping Wang
creator: Ning Mao
creator: Haicheng Zhang
creator: Jing Liu
creator: Heng Ma
creator: Xin Guo
date: 2026-04-30
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-04-30

Structural and temporal dynamics of pediatric influenza prevention and treatment: a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of historical evolution and emerging trends
type: item
description: Pediatric influenza remains a significant global public health challenge, driving continuous advancements in vaccines, antiviral therapies, and infection control strategies. As the volume of related literature expands rapidly, systematically synthesizing these developments is essential. Therefore, this study conducts a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of pediatric influenza prevention and treatment research. By examining structural and temporal trends in the literature, it aims to identify historical evolution, research hotspots, and emerging trends.
creator: Junbin Hong
creator: Yingying Lin
creator: Xiaomei Huang
creator: Xuansen Huang
creator: Jinghua Yang
creator: Yanni Lai
date: 2026-04-30
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-04-30

Risk factors for catheter-related bloodstream infection in children undergoing blood purification therapy: a retrospective cohort study
type: item
description: Catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) remains a major complication in children undergoing blood purification therapy, contributing to increased morbidity and healthcare burden. However, evidence regarding its risk factors in this specific population remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for catheter-related infection during blood purification therapy in children, thereby providing evidence-based insights for optimizing central venous catheter (CVC) management and nursing strategies.
creator: Lihong Hu
creator: Xiaofan Wang
creator: Lei Kang
date: 2026-04-30
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-04-30

Transcriptome profile analysis of genes by RNA-sequencing in neonatal maternal separation rats with autistic-like behaviors
type: item
description: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder marked by repetitive behaviors and difficulties in social interaction and communication. The pathogenesis of ASD remains poorly understood, and no definitive treatment is currently available. This study aimed to systematically identify key genes and signaling pathways involved in autistic-like behaviors by performing genome-wide transcriptional profiling on a neonatal maternal separation (NMS) rat model, thereby revealing the underlying molecular mechanisms.
creator: Qing Zhang
creator: Jinhua Ma
creator: Boqing Xu
creator: Xiaohuan Li
creator: Chunfang Dai
creator: Liqiong Zhu
creator: Xiaoting Ding
date: 2026-04-30
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-04-30

https://tp.amegroups.org/article/view/153037
type: item
title: Ambroxol hydrochloride and clenbuterol hydrochloride oral solution versus ambroxol hydrochloride injection for pediatric lower respiratory tract infection with mucoid sputum: a multicenter, non-randomized observational study in China
description: Mucoid sputum is common in pediatric patients with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) and can exacerbate cough, contribute to difficulty in expectoration and dyspnea, and even cause suffocation. Although ambroxol hydrochloride and clenbuterol hydrochloride oral solution [AHCHOS (or Yitanjing)] is widely used in pediatric practice, high-quality real-world evidence comparing it with conventional expectorant therapies such as ambroxol hydrochloride injection (AHI) remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of AHCHOS in pediatric patients with LRTI complicated with mucoid sputum.
creator: Chunlei Chen
creator: Bing Hu
creator: Enmei Liu
creator: Jinhai Ma
creator: Changshan Liu
creator: Xiaoyan Dong
creator: Huifen Zi
creator: Chuangli Hao
creator: Rongjun Lin
creator: Xiangrong Zheng
creator: Bingfei Li
creator: Fenhua Chen
creator: Mei Fang
creator: Weimin Tian
creator: Zhiqiang Zhuo
creator: Deyu Zhao
creator: Zhimin Chen
creator: Yuejie Zheng
creator: Jingyang Zheng
creator: Yong Yin
creator: Qiuyu Tang
creator: Liqun Wu
creator: Li Gu
creator: Jinzhun Wu
creator: Liyi He
creator: Tao Ai
creator: Hanmin Liu
creator: Zhiying Han
creator: Yunbo Mo
creator: Zhiliang Tian
creator: Quan Lu
creator: Yingxue Zou
date: 2026-04-30
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-04-30

Synergistic regulation of gut microbiota and metabolites by breast milk and probiotics in the prevention of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: mechanisms and prospects
type: item
description: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains one of the most devastating gastrointestinal emergencies in preterm infants and is associated with high morbidity, mortality, and long-term complications. Increasing evidence suggests that breast milk and probiotics may act synergistically to reduce NEC risk by modulating the intestinal microbiota, its metabolites, and host immune responses. As the optimal nutritional source for preterm infants, breast milk provides a wide range of bioactive components, including human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), lactoferrin, and immunoglobulins, which promote intestinal maturation, strengthen epithelial barrier function, inhibit pathogen colonization, and support immune development. Probiotics further complement these protective effects by enhancing the colonization of beneficial bacteria, suppressing the overgrowth of potential pathogens, improving barrier integrity, and regulating inflammatory signaling. In this context, microbial metabolites emerge as critical proximal mediators linking microbial composition to host protection. Among them, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and tryptophan-derived indole metabolites play essential roles in maintaining intestinal homeostasis, promoting mucosal integrity, and modulating immune tolerance. Therefore, the preventive effects of breast milk and probiotics should be understood not only as independent benefits, but also as coordinated ecological and metabolic regulation of the immature gut. A better understanding of these interactions may provide a mechanistic basis for developing personalized and evidence-based strategies for NEC prevention in preterm infants.
creator: Siyi Chen
creator: Jiahong Li
creator: Le Zhang
date: 2026-04-30
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-04-30

Asthma: onset at young, persist when grow up
type: item
description: Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory disease that affects individuals across all age groups worldwide. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and variable airflow obstruction, which can lead to recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing. The age at which asthma first manifests play a crucial role in determining its underlying pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management strategies. Broadly, asthma is classified into two categories based on age of onset: childhood-onset asthma and adult-onset asthma. Childhood-onset asthma typically begins during early childhood and often has a strong allergic component, whereas adult-onset asthma may develop later in life and can sometimes be associated with different triggers or comorbidities. These distinctions are important because they influence the disease’s clinical course, response to treatment, and long-term prognosis. Recognizing these differences allows for more targeted and effective management approaches tailored to each patient’s specific needs. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of childhood-onset asthma, including its underlying pathophysiology, diverse phenotypes, clinical features, diagnostic tools, and current treatment approaches. Special attention will be given to how childhood asthma evolves as patients grow older, including the transition from childhood to adulthood. Understanding these aspects is vital for optimizing management and improving outcomes for individuals affected by this chronic disease. By examining the unique features of childhood-onset asthma, healthcare providers can tailor interventions more effectively and anticipate potential challenges during the transition into adult care. Ultimately, a thorough knowledge of these differences can lead to better personalized treatment plans and improved quality of life for patients.
creator: Ka Ka Siu
creator: Lok Yiu Lin
creator: Wang Chun Kwok
date: 2026-04-30
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-04-30

Recent advances in neonatal Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome: from molecular diagnosis to multidisciplinary management—a narrative review
type: item
creator: Haiping Xue
creator: Yangchen Hu
creator: Xiujing Wu
date: 2026-03-25
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-03-25

Nursing management of deep vein thrombosis in children: a narrative review of challenges, evidence-based strategies, and systematic pathways
type: item
description: Pediatric deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is an increasingly recognized vascular condition with potentially life-threatening consequences. Despite growing clinical awareness, nursing care remains challenging due to the lack of standardized, age-appropriate protocols—often defaulting to adult-oriented approaches. This review aims to synthesize current evidence on the multifactorial etiology, diagnostic challenges, and optimal nursing strategies for pediatric DVT, with a focus on improving early detection, individualized management, and long-term outcomes.
creator: Yufen Huang
creator: Yangchen Hu
creator: Caina Gao
creator: Yiyao Bao
date: 2026-04-30
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-04-30

Clinical characteristics and mutation analysis of Chinese children with 17α-hydroxylase deficiency: a report on three cases
type: item
description: 17α-hydroxylase deficiency (17-OHD) is an uncommon type of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. It manifests as hypokalemia, hypertension, and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism and arises from a mutation in the CYP17A1 (cytochrome P450 17A1) gene. Diagnosis for children with 17-OHD remains challenging, and the means to arriving at a timely diagnosis are needed.
creator: Minfei He
creator: Hong Chen
creator: Yudan Zhao
creator: Shuxia Ding
creator: Ruimin Chen
creator: Chunlin Wang
date: 2026-04-30
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-04-30

Delayed rupture of the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery associated with pancreatic leakage after resection of a giant retroperitoneal ganglioneuroblastoma in a child: a case report
type: item
description: Giant retroperitoneal neurogenic tumors in children frequently encase major abdominal vessels, rendering complete resection technically challenging. Although postoperative pancreatic leakage is rare, it may result in catastrophic vascular complications when major vessels are exposed.
creator: Xueman Dai
creator: Xiaofeng Chang
creator: Junlei Shi
creator: Congran Zong
creator: Shanshan Zhao
creator: Huanmin Wang
date: 2026-04-30
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-04-30

A case report of X-linked agammaglobulinemia complicated with necrotic pneumonia
type: item
description: X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) complicated with necrotic pneumonia caused by Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) gene variation was reported. Clinical features and treatment were analyzed. In this case, repeated pulmonary infection and necrotizing pneumonia (NP) accompanied by multiple systemic infections were eventually confirmed to be caused by BTK gene defect. After regular treatment with gamma globulin, the symptoms were relieved. This case report aimed to improve clinicians’ understanding of the disease so that diagnosis and treatment can be decided as early as possible, for improving patient’s prognosis.
creator: Xiaoyuan Zhang
creator: Jianfang Zhu
date: 2026-04-30
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-04-30

Living donor liver transplantation in a pediatric patient with mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome caused by two novel POLG1 mutations: a case report and literature review
type: item
creator: Yanhao Li
creator: Fuxiao Xie
creator: Lin Wei
creator: Zhijun Zhu
date: 2026-03-30
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-03-30

Comparators, consent, equipoise and estimands: ethical trade-offs in neonatal pain trials
type: item
creator: Luke Baxter
creator: Maria Cobo
creator: Rebeccah Slater
date: 2026-04-30
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-04-30

An obituary notice for our editorial board member: Dr. Xinying Li, MD
type: item
date: 2026-03-12
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-03-12

Erratum to: PPP1R12A mutation leads to different genders of twinning: a case report and literature review
type: item
date: 2026-04-30
volume: 15
publication date: 2026-04-30