Aims and Scope Translational Pediatrics (Transl Pediatr, tp.amegroups.com; tp.amegroups.org, Print ISSN 2224-4336, Online ISSN 2224-4344) is an open access, peer-reviewed, monthly journal (quarterly published from Jul. 2012 to Oct. 2019, bimonthly published from Dec. 2019 to Dec. 2020). TP publishes articles in all aspects of health care in newborns, children and adolescents. Contributions pertinent to pediatrics are also included from related fields such as nutrition, surgery, respiration, dentistry, urology, public health, child health services, human genetics, basic sciences, psychology, psychiatry, education, sociology, and nursing. Currently, TP has been indexed by PubMed/PubMed Central, Scopus and Web of Science [Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE)]. The SCIE impact factor 2024 for TP is 1.7. TP is the official journal of the Society of Translational Medicine (STM). TP is published by AME Publishing Company, with support from Wolters Kluwer (the journal content will be made available on Wolters Kluwer Health’s Lippincott and Ovid platforms). Indexing Translational Pediatrics is indexed and covered by Web of Science [Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE)] Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central (PMC) Scopus Ovid Information for Authors TP is a member of Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and it follows the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)'s guidelines and the ICMJE recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journal. Manuscripts submitted must be the original work of the author(s) and must not be published previously or under consideration for publication elsewhere. Manuscripts Turnaround Time In-house review: 1-3 weeks. External peer review: 1-3 months. Publication Ahead of Print: within 1 month after being accepted (with APC payment received). Formal publication: within 1-3 months after being accepted (with APC payment received). Original Articles are listed as priority. Publication Schedule Published quarterly from Jul. 2012 to Oct. 2019 and bimonthly from Dec. 2019 to Dec. 2020, TP now follows a monthly publication model. Open Access Statement This journal is a peer reviewed, open access journal. All content of the journal is published under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). All articles published open access will be immediately and permanently free for all to read, download, copy and distribute as defined by the applied license. Free access and usage Permitted third party reuse is defined by the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license. This license allows users to copy and distribute the article, provided: this is not done for commercial purposes and further does not permit distribution of the Article if it is changed or edited in any way. the user gives appropriate credit (with a link to the formal publication through the relevant DOI) and provides a link to the license but not in an any way implying that the licensor is endorsing the user or the use of the work. no derivatives including remix, transform, or build upon the material was allowed for distribution. The full details of the license are available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Copyright For open access publishing, this journal uses an exclusive licensing agreement. Authors will transfer copyright to AME Publishing Company, but will have the right to share their article in the same way permitted to third parties under the relevant user license, as well as certain scholarly usage rights. For any inquiry/special circumstance on the copyright, commercial usage or adaptation of TP articles, please contact: permissions@amegroups.com For reprint order, please contact: sales@amegroups.com Support for Authors to Comply with Funding Body Mandates We work with authors of research articles supported by funding bodies with open access mandates to ensure that authors can meet their funders’ requirements for public access to research results. In addition, we offer further support for authors who are required to comply with funding body mandates, including but not limited to: All articles published open access will be immediately and permanently free for everyone to read, download, copy and distribute. If a specific open access license is needed, please contact the editorial office for confirmation before submission. Example of statements in a published article: https://jgo.amegroups.org/article/view/76355/html. No copyright is claimed for any work of the U.S. government. Example of statements in published articles: https://actr.amegroups.org/article/view/8875; https://med.amegroups.org/article/view/8358/html. Contact with Editorial Office Mira Wu, Corresponding Editor, Translational Pediatrics Email: editor@thetp.org Publisher Information TP is published by AME Publishing Company. Addresses: Hong Kong branch office: Flat/RM C 16F, Kings Wing Plaza 1, NO. 3 on Kwan Street, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China. Updated on April 09, 2026
Can intraoperative electroencephalogram finally prevent emergence delirium in children?
When children speak, listening heals: advancing symptom screening in pediatric oncology
When ideal positioning is impossible: can we limit pediatric gastric ultrasound to the supine semi-recumbent position?
Toward reliable neuromuscular blockade reversal using sugammadex in infants: insights from a phase IV trial
The impact of small for gestational age on visual-motor integration in preterm infants: insights from early brain magnetic resonance imaging
Small for gestational age (SGA) preterm infants are at a higher risk of neurodevelopmental impairments compared with those who are only preterm. We aimed to explore the relationship between visual-motor integration (VMI) and SGA, along with imaging features available for prediction.
A simplified prediction model for in-hospital mortality in children with congenital heart disease after surgery
Early identification of high-risk patients is critical for improving outcomes after congenital heart disease (CHD) surgery in children. This study aimed to establish a prediction model for in-hospital mortality after surgery in children with CHD based on early postoperative indicators obtained upon Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) admission.
Comparison of DLIR-H and ASIR algorithms for image reconstruction in low-dose chest CT of pediatric mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia: a cross-sectional study
Pediatric Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) accounts for a significant number of cases of community-acquired pneumonia, and chest computed tomography (CT) is critical for its early diagnosis and prognosis assessment. However, clinical utilization is restricted due to concerns regarding radiation exposure. Adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR) has been extensively employed in low-dose pediatric CT but suffers from noise texture distortion. In contrast, deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) has shown promise for enhancing image quality in adult CT. Nevertheless, the comparative effectiveness of DLIR and ASIR in low-dose chest CT for pediatric MPP remains unvalidated, presenting a significant knowledge gap that this study endeavours to bridge.
Incremental value of body composition indices in discriminating poorly controlled asthma in children: a cross-sectional study
Asthma is the most common chronic respiratory disease in children, yet a considerable proportion of children have poorly controlled asthma despite advances in treatment. Traditional assessment models based on clinical indicators and lung function parameters show limited discriminatory ability. This study evaluated whether bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)-derived body composition indices—extracellular water-to-total body water ratio (ECW/TBW), phase angle (PhA), and visceral fat area (VFA)—improve the discrimination of poorly controlled asthma in children beyond traditional clinical assessments.
An interpretable machine learning model for predicting NICU admission in preterm infants: a single-center retrospective cohort study
Admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is a critical event for preterm infants, with significant implications for resource allocation and parental counseling. However, existing prediction tools are often limited by low accuracy or lack of interpretability. This study aimed to develop an interpretable machine learning (ML) model for predicting NICU admission in preterm infants using readily available prenatal and intrapartum features, with a focus on both the overall cohort and the clinically challenging subgroup of late preterm infants (34–37 weeks).
Clinical and prognostic significance of initial fever in children with Langerhans cell histiocytosis
A portion of children with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) exhibit recurrent or persistent disease-related fever at their first visit. We aimed to clarify the clinical characteristics, laboratory indicators, prognostic differences, and optimal regimens for these children with fever.
Epidemic features and clinical analysis of pediatric Mycoplasma pneumoniae respiratory infection before, during, and after COVID-19 pandemic: a 7-year study in southern China
In the period spanning 2023 to 2024, there was a global resurgence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) infections following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This 7-year retrospective study investigated the epidemic features and clinical severity of pediatric M. pneumoniae respiratory infection in southern China across the pre-, during, and post-COVID-19 periods.
Results of stage I palliation of single ventricle with hypoplastic left heart complex managed with a beating heart strategy
Neonates born with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) or complex (HLHC), who undergo stage I palliation with Norwood operation or Damus-Kaye-Stansel (DKS), still carry substantial mortality and morbidity even in the modern era of cardiac surgery. Mortality varies from 10% up to 40% in some Institutions, remaining still one of the highest in pediatric cardiac surgery. In order to reduce mortality and morbidity, we have developed a strategy of selective cerebro-myocardial perfusion (sCMP), allowing to perform the entire operation on the beating heart. The aim of the presents report is to describe our results with such an innovative approach.
Machine learning-based prediction of severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in pediatric patients
Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) is a leading cause of pediatric community-acquired pneumonia, with severe cases (SMPP) posing significant risks of complications and prolonged hospitalization. Early identification of SMPP remains challenging due to nonspecific clinical presentations, underscoring the need for robust predictive tools. While artificial intelligence (AI) has shown promise in medical diagnostics, its application to non-imaging clinical data, such as MPP risk stratification, is underexplored. This study leverages machine learning (ML) to bridge this gap, aiming to transform retrospective clinical data into actionable predictive insights for SMPP. By integrating multidimensional clinical variables, we address the critical unmet need for early, accurate risk assessment in pediatric MPP management.
Association between nadir albumin concentration and mortality in pediatric patients undergoing postcardiotomy extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Albumin is a key protein essential for maintaining multiple physiological functions. During extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support, serum albumin concentration may decline as a result of hemodilution or capillary leakage. This reduction may be more pronounced in pediatric patients, whose hepatic synthetic function is not fully mature. However, evidence regarding the association between serum albumin concentration and clinical outcomes in pediatric postcardiotomy ECMO patients remains limited. This study aims to explore this association in pediatric patients.
Association between normalized Mycoplasma pneumoniae sequence reads and severity of pediatric pneumonia: a cross-sectional study
Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is a leading cause of pediatric community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), with an increasing proportion of severe cases in the post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) era. High-throughput targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) enables semi-quantitative detection of MP; however, the clinical significance of normalized MP sequence reads derived from oropharyngeal swabs remains unclear.
From past patterns to future preparedness: a secondary analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 on neonatal communicable disease burden in China and the Asia-Pacific region, 1990–2035
Communicable diseases (CDs) is the leading cause of death among neonates worldwide, and achieving the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3.2 target (ending preventable neonatal deaths) relies on evidence-based analysis of CDs burden trends and risk factors. This study aims to analyze the temporal trends of CDs burden among neonates in China and the Asia-Pacific region from 1990 to 2021 [based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database], and project future to 2035, to provide targeted evidence for neonatal health interventions.
Characterization of the plasma metabolomic profile in infantile epileptic spasms syndrome
Infantile epileptic spasms syndrome (IESS) represents the most common etiology of epileptic encephalopathy with onset in infancy. It remains unknown whether specific metabolic mechanisms contribute to the pathogenesis of IESS. XXXXXXXXXXX.
Retinopathy of prematurity and cognitive development in enteral docosahexaenoic acid-supplemented preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) plays a pivotal role in brain and retinal maturation. Preterm infants are born DHA-deficient. In this study, we aimed to systematically evaluate the effects of enteral DHA supplementation on retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and cognitive development in preterm infants.
TGF-β1 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition and fibrosis of ureteral epithelial cells via targeting RACK1 in ureteropelvic junction obstruction
Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) is a frequent cause of congenital hydronephrosis. It involves both structural and functional changes at the ureteropelvic junction (UPJ), where the ureter connects with the renal pelvis. The mechanisms behind tissue remodeling and fibrosis in this condition are not fully understood. This study explores the role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and examines how receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) may regulate this process in UPJO.
Clinical characteristics and nutritional profiles of children with different irritable bowel syndrome subtypes: a retrospective hospital-based study
XXXXXXXXXXXX. This study aimed to characterize the clinical features of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) subtypes and assess variations in nutritional status across subtypes and sexes in hospitalized children.
The global, regional, and national burden of disease attributable to non-optimal temperatures in children
Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals extensive fibrotic remodeling and pathogenic chondrocyte subpopulations in developmental dysplasia of the hip
Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a common pediatric orthopedic disorder that predisposes affected children to early-onset osteoarthritis (OA), yet the cellular heterogeneity and fibrotic remodeling of acetabular cartilage are poorly understood. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on acetabular cartilage obtained from three children with DDH and two age-matched controls, thereby generating a transcriptomic atlas of 10,550 chondrocytes. Nine chondrocyte subpopulations were identified, including four previously unrecognized subsets (C1–C4). Compared with controls, DDH cartilage exhibited a marked shift toward fibrocartilage-like phenotypes, characterized by upregulation of fibrotic and matrix-remodeling genes, such as COL1A1, COL1A2, COL3A1, POSTN, MMP13, and MMP14, together with downregulation of key cartilage matrix genes, including COL2A1, ACAN, CHAD, and CNMD. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses revealed enrichment of extracellular matrix (ECM) organization, focal adhesion, apoptosis-related pathways, and metabolic alterations across DDH-associated subsets. Pseudotime analysis demonstrated a trajectory from homeostatic C2 and hypertrophic chondrocytes (HTC) populations toward fibrotic chondrocytes (FC1/FC2) and proliferative dividing chondrocytes (DivC) states, suggesting a progressive degenerative program. CellChat analysis further identified enhanced collagen and TGF-β-mediated signaling among fibrotic subsets. These transcriptional findings were validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and histological staining, confirming increased collagen deposition, ECM disorganization, and reduced chondrocyte density in DDH cartilage. Collectively, this study delineates the single-cell landscape of acetabular chondrocytes in DDH and identifies fibrosis-associated pathogenic subpopulations that may contribute to early degenerative changes. These findings highlight potential translational targets for preserving joint integrity and delaying OA progression in children with DDH.
Chronic pain from retained Hem-o-lok® clips after pediatric appendectomy: the imperative for surgical removal
While Hem-o-lok® clips are widely used and generally safe in children, retained clips have been rarely associated with refractory chronic abdominal pain. This study aimed to investigate the association between retained Hem-o-lok® clips and refractory chronic abdominal pain following pediatric laparoscopic appendectomy and compare therapeutic outcomes between device removal and conservative management.
Surfactant retreatment in very preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome: an observational cohort study
Doctor-child communication and caregivers’ willingness to recommend hospital: a secondary analysis using pediatric patient experience data
Identification of potential biomarkers of tryptophan metabolism in Kawasaki disease and exploration of potential mechanisms
Comparative evaluation of seven large language models in providing home phototherapy care guidance for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia
Early postnatal risk stratification for severe adverse outcomes in twin neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit: development and temporal validation of an interpretable machine learning model
Ibuprofen for hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus in extremely preterm infants: a target trial emulation
Expression and significance of miR-9-5p and GCH1 in neonates with bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Early mortality of surgical treatments of necrotizing enterocolitis: experience of a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Southwest China: a retrospective cohort study
Trends and insights in non-syndromic craniosynostosis research globally: a bibliometric analysis of the Web of Science database (2005–2024)
Global research landscape in pharmacotherapy for autism spectrum disorder core symptoms: a bibliometric study
Risk factors for complications after laparoscopic surgery in children with congenital choledochal cysts
Two distinct growth patterns of preterm infants from birth to 18 months of corrected gestational age: a retrospective cohort study
Clinical features and surgical challenges of advanced retroperitoneal rhabdomyosarcoma in children: a single-center 17-year experience
Under-5 mortality of infectious diseases in 204 countries between 1990 and 2021
Association of lung ultrasound findings with disease severity in Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia among the pediatric population
A retrospective cohort study on clinical features of foreign bodies in the gastrointestinal tract of children—emergency data from a pediatric regional medical center in eastern China
Low birth weight, DNA methylation patterns in cord blood, and inflammation at birth
Parental feeding attitudes and their associations with children’s eating behaviors and nutritional intake in a clinical sample with feeding difficulties: a cross-sectional study
Sodium bicarbonate therapy for metabolic acidosis in children stratified by acute kidney injury status and chloride levels: a retrospective cohort study
Epidemiological burden of pertussis in children in Asia: a review of 1990–2021 data and future projections
Relationship between gut microbiota establishment patterns and the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants: a retrospective cohort study
A preliminary study on NLRP3 activation and the interventional effects of MCC950 in Con A-induced EAH mice
Concurrent chemoradiotherapy with temozolomide in newly pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma: clinical outcomes and safety analysis
Elucidating shared genes and pathways in programmed cell death with necrotizing enterocolitis: insights into novel therapeutic targets and glutathione
Clinical characteristics, prognosis, and risk factors for tolerance development in food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis: a retrospective cohort study
Global, regional and national burden of epilepsy secondary to four major neonatal disorders: insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Unlocking the puzzle of primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis: a comprehensive study on the management of Thai children through alarm therapy and medication
Global, regional, and national burden and trends of congenital birth defects from 1990 to 2021: epidemiological trends, health inequalities, and COVID-19 impact
Birth defects remain a leading cause of mortality and disability in younger populations aged <14 years, however, little comprehensive or recent evidence of the burden of birth defects and its subtypes is available globally. Additionally, the extent of regional health inequality and the effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on birth defects remain unclear. This study leverages 2021 Global Burden of Disease data to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the global epidemiological profile, health inequality, and the repercussions of the COVID-19 on birth defects, with the goal of guiding optimal medical resource allocation.
Weekly pegylated recombinant human growth hormone for prepubertal children with growth hormone deficiency: adherence advantage drives superior short-term efficacy over daily rhGH
Pediatric growth hormone deficiency (GHD) causes growth retardation due to insufficient pituitary growth hormone (GH) secretion. Conventional daily recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) has low adherence due to frequent injections, impairing efficacy; weekly pegylated recombinant human growth hormone (PEG-rhGH) may improve adherence, but the mediating role of adherence differences in efficacy remains unclear. This study aimed to XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX.
Artificial intelligence in pediatrics: a bibliometric analysis of global output, networks, and frontiers [2016–2025]
Although artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly used to prevent, diagnose, and treat pediatric diseases, a quantitative panorama of the global research landscape is lacking. This study aimed to map the evolution of AI-focused pediatric literature, identify leading actors and themes, and detect emerging directions over the past decade.
Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors influencing respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in children with atopy: a retrospective cohort study
The clinical characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) pneumonia in children with atopy were studied, and the predictive indicators of RSV pneumonia and prognosis were determined. This study aimed to explore the clinical characteristics and prognosis of RSV pneumonia in children with atopy and to determine the predictive indicators of RSVP.
CT-based radiomics nomogram for distinguishing Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia from other pneumonias in children with community-acquired pneumonia
Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) is a common cause of pediatric community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Its computed tomography (CT) manifestations often overlap with those of other pneumonias, making their differentiation challenging. This study aimed to develop and test a radiomics nomogram to distinguish MPP from other pneumonias in children with CAP.
Structural and temporal dynamics of pediatric influenza prevention and treatment: a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of historical evolution and emerging trends
Pediatric influenza remains a significant global public health challenge, driving continuous advancements in vaccines, antiviral therapies, and infection control strategies. As the volume of related literature expands rapidly, systematically synthesizing these developments is essential. Therefore, this study conducts a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of pediatric influenza prevention and treatment research. By examining structural and temporal trends in the literature, it aims to identify historical evolution, research hotspots, and emerging trends.
Risk factors for catheter-related bloodstream infection in children undergoing blood purification therapy: a retrospective cohort study
Catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) remains a major complication in children undergoing blood purification therapy, contributing to increased morbidity and healthcare burden. However, evidence regarding its risk factors in this specific population remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for catheter-related infection during blood purification therapy in children, thereby providing evidence-based insights for optimizing central venous catheter (CVC) management and nursing strategies.
Transcriptome profile analysis of genes by RNA-sequencing in neonatal maternal separation rats with autistic-like behaviors
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder marked by repetitive behaviors and difficulties in social interaction and communication. The pathogenesis of ASD remains poorly understood, and no definitive treatment is currently available. This study aimed to systematically identify key genes and signaling pathways involved in autistic-like behaviors by performing genome-wide transcriptional profiling on a neonatal maternal separation (NMS) rat model, thereby revealing the underlying molecular mechanisms.
Ambroxol hydrochloride and clenbuterol hydrochloride oral solution versus ambroxol hydrochloride injection for pediatric lower respiratory tract infection with mucoid sputum: a multicenter, non-randomized observational study in China
Mucoid sputum is common in pediatric patients with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) and can exacerbate cough, contribute to difficulty in expectoration and dyspnea, and even cause suffocation. Although ambroxol hydrochloride and clenbuterol hydrochloride oral solution [AHCHOS (or Yitanjing)] is widely used in pediatric practice, high-quality real-world evidence comparing it with conventional expectorant therapies such as ambroxol hydrochloride injection (AHI) remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of AHCHOS in pediatric patients with LRTI complicated with mucoid sputum.
Synergistic regulation of gut microbiota and metabolites by breast milk and probiotics in the prevention of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: mechanisms and prospects
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains one of the most devastating gastrointestinal emergencies in preterm infants and is associated with high morbidity, mortality, and long-term complications. Increasing evidence suggests that breast milk and probiotics may act synergistically to reduce NEC risk by modulating the intestinal microbiota, its metabolites, and host immune responses. As the optimal nutritional source for preterm infants, breast milk provides a wide range of bioactive components, including human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), lactoferrin, and immunoglobulins, which promote intestinal maturation, strengthen epithelial barrier function, inhibit pathogen colonization, and support immune development. Probiotics further complement these protective effects by enhancing the colonization of beneficial bacteria, suppressing the overgrowth of potential pathogens, improving barrier integrity, and regulating inflammatory signaling. In this context, microbial metabolites emerge as critical proximal mediators linking microbial composition to host protection. Among them, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and tryptophan-derived indole metabolites play essential roles in maintaining intestinal homeostasis, promoting mucosal integrity, and modulating immune tolerance. Therefore, the preventive effects of breast milk and probiotics should be understood not only as independent benefits, but also as coordinated ecological and metabolic regulation of the immature gut. A better understanding of these interactions may provide a mechanistic basis for developing personalized and evidence-based strategies for NEC prevention in preterm infants.
Asthma: onset at young, persist when grow up
Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory disease that affects individuals across all age groups worldwide. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and variable airflow obstruction, which can lead to recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing. The age at which asthma first manifests play a crucial role in determining its underlying pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management strategies. Broadly, asthma is classified into two categories based on age of onset: childhood-onset asthma and adult-onset asthma. Childhood-onset asthma typically begins during early childhood and often has a strong allergic component, whereas adult-onset asthma may develop later in life and can sometimes be associated with different triggers or comorbidities. These distinctions are important because they influence the disease’s clinical course, response to treatment, and long-term prognosis. Recognizing these differences allows for more targeted and effective management approaches tailored to each patient’s specific needs. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of childhood-onset asthma, including its underlying pathophysiology, diverse phenotypes, clinical features, diagnostic tools, and current treatment approaches. Special attention will be given to how childhood asthma evolves as patients grow older, including the transition from childhood to adulthood. Understanding these aspects is vital for optimizing management and improving outcomes for individuals affected by this chronic disease. By examining the unique features of childhood-onset asthma, healthcare providers can tailor interventions more effectively and anticipate potential challenges during the transition into adult care. Ultimately, a thorough knowledge of these differences can lead to better personalized treatment plans and improved quality of life for patients.
Recent advances in neonatal Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome: from molecular diagnosis to multidisciplinary management—a narrative review
Nursing management of deep vein thrombosis in children: a narrative review of challenges, evidence-based strategies, and systematic pathways
Pediatric deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is an increasingly recognized vascular condition with potentially life-threatening consequences. Despite growing clinical awareness, nursing care remains challenging due to the lack of standardized, age-appropriate protocols—often defaulting to adult-oriented approaches. This review aims to synthesize current evidence on the multifactorial etiology, diagnostic challenges, and optimal nursing strategies for pediatric DVT, with a focus on improving early detection, individualized management, and long-term outcomes.
Clinical characteristics and mutation analysis of Chinese children with 17α-hydroxylase deficiency: a report on three cases
17α-hydroxylase deficiency (17-OHD) is an uncommon type of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. It manifests as hypokalemia, hypertension, and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism and arises from a mutation in the CYP17A1 (cytochrome P450 17A1) gene. Diagnosis for children with 17-OHD remains challenging, and the means to arriving at a timely diagnosis are needed.
Delayed rupture of the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery associated with pancreatic leakage after resection of a giant retroperitoneal ganglioneuroblastoma in a child: a case report
Giant retroperitoneal neurogenic tumors in children frequently encase major abdominal vessels, rendering complete resection technically challenging. Although postoperative pancreatic leakage is rare, it may result in catastrophic vascular complications when major vessels are exposed.
A case report of X-linked agammaglobulinemia complicated with necrotic pneumonia
X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) complicated with necrotic pneumonia caused by Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) gene variation was reported. Clinical features and treatment were analyzed. In this case, repeated pulmonary infection and necrotizing pneumonia (NP) accompanied by multiple systemic infections were eventually confirmed to be caused by BTK gene defect. After regular treatment with gamma globulin, the symptoms were relieved. This case report aimed to improve clinicians’ understanding of the disease so that diagnosis and treatment can be decided as early as possible, for improving patient’s prognosis.
Living donor liver transplantation in a pediatric patient with mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome caused by two novel POLG1 mutations: a case report and literature review
Comparators, consent, equipoise and estimands: ethical trade-offs in neonatal pain trials
An obituary notice for our editorial board member: Dr. Xinying Li, MD
Erratum to: PPP1R12A mutation leads to different genders of twinning: a case report and literature review