Direct Internal Jugular Vein Incision for Salvage of 'Stuck' Port Catheters in Pediatric Leukemia: A Single-Center Experience

Totally implantable venous access ports (TIVAPs) are essential for long-term venous access in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, catheter-related calcified fibroblastic sheaths often make port removal difficult, and conventional traction may fail. Evidence regarding safe salvage surgery for calcified sheath-related stuck ports in children remains limited.